The United States Economy Expanded During The Ronald...

1 ï ¿ ¼How and why the United States economy expanded during the Ronald Reagan presidency Atreyapurapu Srinivas Karthik Erukula Kowshik Goud Kondalamahanthy Sri Harsha Venkat Aganya Mutupuri Sagi Vivek OPMA-5364-001 Project Management 2015 Summer Dr. Randal Napier Assistant Professor at department of Information Systems and Operations Management Due date 07/20/2015 I. II. III. a) b) c) d) IV. a) b) c) d) e) f) V. VI. VII. VIII. Table of Contents Executive Summary Prior to Reagan Administration Reaganomics Reduce Marginal Tax on income both from labor and capital Reducethegrowthofgovernmentspending Reduce inflation by controlling the growth of the money supply Reduceregulation Impact of Reagan’s policies on U.S economy Unemployment rates†¦show more content†¦In fact, it was the greatest economic expansion the world has ever seen - in any country, at any time. And the person responsible for that period is Ronald ï ¿ ¼Reagan. ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼This report analyzes the causes of economic growth during the Ronald Reagan presidency by using various quantitative measures of a nation’s economic activity like GDP, income tax returns, Unemployment and inflation. It also examines the economic effects of the significant changes in tax and regulatory policy that have occurred since the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980. The first part of the research paper will explore the economic conditions of the nation prior to the Reagan era and the economic woes due to high ï ¿ ¼inflation and high unemployment rate. Reaganomics is introduced in the second part of the paper, which discusses the various economic policies introduced by Ronald Reagan and the impact of these policies on U.S economy. The third part of the research paper relates the cultural aspects of the topic to project ï ¿ ¼management coursework. ï ¿ ¼This research paper enables us to throw some light on various management aspects and their proper usage. Considering the presidency period of Ronald Reagan various management skills have been analyzed. The root causes of the economic expansion are also identified and stated accordingly. The impact ï ¿ ¼of Ronald Reagan’s administration on America’s economy can be clearly observed at the end of thisShow MoreRelatedRonald Wilson Reag The Leaders Of The Free World From 1981- 20012524 Words   |  11 PagesRonald Wilson Reagan, George H.W. Bush and William â€Å"Bill† Clinton were the leaders of the free world from 1981- 2001. Over the course of 2 decades these men had to solve several international and domestic issues while juggling personal issues, and the many other responsibilities of The President of the United States. 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Sample Iep Plan And Identifying 3 Components Of An Iep

1. Take a look at the sample IEP Plan and identify 3 components of an IEP. The Student Performance Profile indicates and contains information that was gathered during Step 1: Prereferral was initiated. Initial Concern demonstrated by the accurate data that was collected, namely â€Å"Morgan’s inappropriate behavior of self-injury, hitting or biting others, and repeating questions she is asked.† The exhaustive Testing which Morgan underwent reflects that fact that Step 2: Referral was implemented. The report identifies her strengths and the areas where she is falling behind demonstrated by the scores on the various tests in which she has participated. Step 3: Assessment is demonstrated by the following: â€Å"Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule† reflects an indication that she has â€Å"symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of Autistic Disorder.† Since the IEP Development Team consists of all the right members, from the parents to an OT, along with the thorough nature of the report, indicates that all steps were properly followed, including Transition Services and on-going evaluation. Choose one and discuss why that component is important to the child s Plan. Step 4 is critical as determining eligibility will affect Morgan’s opportunity to improve. If she was not granted eligibility due to her disorder, she may have failed as a student and faced a far more difficult future both during her education, and as she completes school while transitioning into adulthood. 2. How doesShow MoreRelatedIndividuals with Disabilities Act2122 Words   |  9 Pageswith the least restrictive environment. 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Diagnostic procedures are used to evaluate the students phonemic awareness, which is the studentsRead MoreHow Pastoral Care Policy Has Contributed to the Management of Junior Secondary Schools In Botswana23474 Words   |  94 Pagesï » ¿Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 DECLARATION OF ETHICS 4 Abstract 5 CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 6 1.0 INTRODUCTION 6 1.1Background 7 1.2 Statement of the problem 11 1.3 Purpose of the study 11 1.4 Research questions 11 1.5 Definition of key terms 12 1.6 Acronyms: 12 1.7 Significance of the study 13 1.8 Limitations 14 1.9 Delimitations 14 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 15 2.0 INTRODUCTION 15 2.1 The origin of pastoral care 15 2.2 What isRead MoreAdhd And Comprehension Strategies For Students With Adhd5462 Words   |  22 Pagescompared and coded for common themes. The study will conclude with a report listing useful strategies and intervention, the pros and cons found for each and the usefulness of each according to the data. 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Copyright  © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN: 0-536-29980-3 Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, Second Edition, by Donald Kauchak and Paul Eggen Published by Prentice-Hall/Merrill

The Prize The Epic Quest For Oil, Money, And Power By...

Oil has often been referred to as any economy’s lifeblood. Although this is an overemphasis, oil has been the key, nonhuman resource of the economy throughout the largest part of the 20th century. In the book â€Å"The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, And Power† by Daniel Yergin, the author illustrates the political, societal, economic, and geo-strategic importance of this product. Yergin is the IHS Vice Chairman, and as their website tells us, he is also a Pulitzer-Prize winning author and leading authority on energy, international politics and economics. He graduated from Yale University, and received his Ph.D. from Cambridge University. In addition to The Prize, which won the Pulitzer Prize, he is also known for his book The Quest Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World. He has been awarded the United States Energy Award, the Charles Percy Award for Public Service from the Alliance to Save Energy, a Lifetime Achievement Award by India s Prime Mini ster, and many others (IHS, 2014). Yergin has a vast knowledge and understanding for the oil industry including its history and future implications. In this book, Yergin takes the reader on journey through oil history, from the first 1859 well drilling by Colonel Edwin in Pennsylvania up to the invasion of Kuwait by Saddam Hussein in a wrathful grab for oil and wealth in August of 1990. Yergin explores the role of oil in warfare, describes the changing organization of the oil sector, and examinesShow MoreRelatedThe Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power by Daniel Yergin2281 Words   |  9 PagesDaniel Yergin is the chairman of Cambridge Energy Research Association and a highly respected individual in international politics, economics and power. Despite being a Pulitzer Prize Winner, he is also the recipient of the 1997 United State Energy Award for his achievement in power and the promotion of international understanding. He has written extensive accounts on the global chan ges towards political and economic destiny of the world since WWII. His book ‘The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, MoneyRead MoreThe Prize : The Epic Quest For Oil, Money, And Power Essay1942 Words   |  8 Pages Oil has repeatedly been referred to as any economy’s lifeblood. Whereas this is an overemphasis, oil has been the utmost key, nonhuman resource of economy throughout the largest part of the 20th century. In the book â€Å"The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, And Power† by Daniel Yergin, the author illustrates the political, societal, economic, and geo-strategic prominence of this product. The book was published by Simon and Schuster in 2011 in New York, and contains 928 pages, as its ISBN isRead MoreThe Epic Quest For Oil, Money, And Power2499 Words   |  10 Pageshalf of its oil supply, weakening its overall strategic position and adding greatly to an already burdensome trade deficit – a precarious position for a great power† (Ye rgin 14). So said Daniel Yergin in the prologue of his 1990 bestseller The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power. Today, oil retains its importance in the hydrocarbon societies of developed and developing countries as a major engine of economic growth, but the story is not so simple. When Yergin wrote The Prize, the UnitedRead MoreThe Iraq War1487 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluence world politics is primarily based on much power they have. In purely academic terms, power is the ability of Actor A to get Actor B to do something that B would otherwise not do; the ability to get the other side to make concessions and to avoid having to make concessions oneself (Frieden P. A-6). Power is usually represented by the capability of a state to preserve or tip the balance of power towards their own national interests. Balance of power refers to a situation in which the military capabilitiesRead MoreDubais Political and Economic Development: Essay38738 Words   |  155 PagesTable of Contents I Persian Gulf Development Literature Oil Curse Literature Arab and Islamic Factors Regional Ovemiew and Historical Background Dubais Development History I1 PI1 Explaining Dubai9sDevelopment Outcome Why Not Other Gulf States? Dubai versus the Development Literature IV Dubai in a Cornparatbe Corntext Saudi Arabia Qatar Brunei Conclusion Appendix Bibliography Introduction Dubai, a tiny, oil-exporting city-state located in the Persian Gulf, has recentlyRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesdetermining beginnings and endings that accord with major shifts in political and socioeconomic circumstances and dynamics rather than standard but arbitrary chronological break points. In the decades that followed the Great War, the victorious European powers appeared to have restored, even expanded, their global political and economic preeminence only to see it eclipsed by the emergence of the Soviet and U.S. superpowers on their periphery and a second round of even more devastating global conflict.

Morality in Eating Meat - 1046 Words

When asked the question, â€Å"Is it right to eat beef?† many Americans and people across the world expect the Hindus because of religious reasons say yea. For some people eating beef is not morally right, either because they believe the animal has the right to live just as much as we (humans) do or simply because they feel they can obtain nutrients and nourishment an alternate way. For cattleman, chicken farm producers, slaughterhouses, and etc. whose livelihood depends on the producing livestock for the American people are advocates for the consumption of meat. Some classify these people as animal killers because they grow their livestock from start to finishing weight. But for the non-ranches it’s hard to understand that these people like their livestock, but it’s more of an admiration more of what they can produce to help the being of others in a utilitarianism way. When I mention the people who see their deeds as away utilitarianism, I’m saying these people see it as an ethical principle according to which an action is right if it tends to get the most out of happiness, not only that of the reason but also of each person and thing associated with it. Producers are believed to have a honorable and principled responsibility to raise and nurture their animals in a respectful humane way. People who see feasting on animals may have had a bad experience with the way the meat was prepared for them. For example, they may have had their meat prepared raw or uncooked. The thoughtShow MoreRelatedThe Meat Paradox830 Words   |  4 Pagespeople have been consuming meat from a variety of animals for centuries. However, the act of consuming animals has become a controversial debate among people today. Most people who consume meat care for the well-being of animals as well, leading to the psychological term, the â€Å"meat paradox†. In the article, the authors discuss the tension regarding human morality and the emotion and values that come with consuming animals. They want to examine the perspectives of how morality plays a factor on whetherRead MoreEating Meat1286 Words   |  6 PagesEating Meat and The Treatment of Animals Eating animals is part of the daily life of billions of people all over the world. Every day, thousands of animals are killed for the production of food for people. We have been brought up eating meat and never questioned it. It is culturally accepted even though modern livestock and poultry production (factory farming) is cruel and gives animals no other purpose for existence except for human consumption. There are particular religions which prohibit eatingRead MoreWhat Does Robert Scruton Mean When He Says We Should Eat Our Friends?895 Words   |  4 Pagescategorized as a ‘friend’ in the eyes of Robert Scruton? To put it simply, we definitely should be eating our friends. And just to clarify, he doesn’t mean you have to eat the friends you go to school with, the friends you get drinks with, or the friends you go shopping with. Instead, we should encourage the thought of considering animals as our friends (and then, eat them). This chapter on eating our friends from the book, A Political Philosophy, by Robert Scruton poses the question: is it moralRead MoreThe Ethical Implications Of Eating Meat869 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is the ideal doneness of a burger? Some may claim that well-done is the best, others may like medium-rare. While this is one of the most common questions asked in regards to meat-eating, there is an even more important one that everyone should be asking. What are the ethical implications of eating meat? This oft-debated question has been obscured, especially in recent years, by the outcry for the humane treatment of animals being raised for food. 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For instance the scripture, Ramayana prohibits adherents of murder, theft, adultery and the consumption of alcohol as it portrays such acts as impure, immoral and essentially unethicalRead MoreThe Ethics Of Eating Meat967 Words   |  4 PagesEating meat is a fact of life that cannot be ignored. It is simply a part of the circle of life. However, unlike the animal kingdom, it is humans that question where to draw the ethical line of killing animals for food. Our ancestors more than likely never had to ponder the morality of killing animals. For them, killing animals was a means of survival. In many instances, it was eat or be eaten. Today, the industrialization of farming and raising animals has changed the epicurean landscape. Read MoreA Carnivores Credo By Roger Scruton Analysis720 Words   |  3 Pages An intense, aggress ive moral scrutiny has sparked interest in the meat eating community. Eating is an activity that we as humans do frequently, and the variety of food is immense. 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The Indigo Spell Chapter Six Free Essays

string(50) " became more and more resolved to make the drive\." I FOLLOWED MS. TERWILLIGER’S instructions diligently. I never took the garnet off, not even when I slept or showered. We will write a custom essay sample on The Indigo Spell Chapter Six or any similar topic only for you Order Now When school started the next morning, I wore it under my shirt to avoid any questions. It didn’t exactly scream â€Å"magical amulet,† but it was certainly conspicuous. To my surprise, Ms. Terwilliger wasn’t in her first-period history class, making me wonder if she was doing some investigating of her own. â€Å"Ms. T on some secret mission?† I flinched and realized I’d been lost in my own thoughts. I turned and found Trey Juarez kneeling by my desk. Class hadn’t started yet, and a confused-looking substitute teacher was trying to make sense of the chaos of Ms. Terwilliger’s desk. Trey grinned at my surprise. â€Å"Wh-what?† I asked. Had he somehow found out about Veronica? I tried to keep cool. â€Å"What makes you say that?† â€Å"I was just joking,† he said. â€Å"This is the second year I’ve had her, and she’s never missed a day.† He gave me a puzzled look. â€Å"Unless you really do know something I don’t?† â€Å"No,† I said quickly. â€Å"I’m just as surprised as you are.† Trey scrutinized me a few moments. We were good friends here at Amberwood, with only one teeny-tiny problem hanging between us. His family was tied to the Warriors of Light. Last month, the Warriors had tried to kill Sonya in a barbaric execution ritual. Trey had been one of the contenders for the â€Å"honor† of killing her, though he’d thrown the match at the last minute. I’d tried to appeal to the Warriors to release Sonya, but they hadn’t listened. She and I were both saved when a raiding party of dhampirs showed up and defeated the Warriors. Stanton had helped orchestrate that raid – but hadn’t bothered to fill me in that I was being used as a distraction. It was part of what had fueled my distrust of her and the Alchemists. Trey had been blamed for getting me involved with the ritual, and the Warriors had ostracized his father and him. Just as I had been pressured by the Alchemists, Trey had had Warrior doctrine drilled into him his whole life. His father was so ashamed of the fallout that he would barely speak to Trey now. I knew how much Trey wanted his father’s approval, so this silence was more painful to him than the Warriors’ treatment. Our allegiances made things difficult. When I’d once tentatively hinted to Trey that we still had unresolved issues between us, he’d responded with a bitter laugh. â€Å"You have nothing to worry about anymore,† he’d told me. â€Å"I’m not hiding any secret plans from you – because I don’t know any. They won’t tell us anything. I’m not one of them, as far as they’re concerned. I’ve been cut off forever, and it’d take a miracle for them to ever take us back.† There’d been something in his dark eyes that told me if he ever could find that miracle, he’d jump on it. I’d tried asking about that, but he wouldn’t discuss it any further. â€Å"I want to be your friend, Melbourne,† he had said. â€Å"I like you. We’re never going to resolve our differences. Might as well ignore them since we have to be together every day.† Amazingly, our friendship had managed to survive all that drama. The tension was always there, lurking between us, but we tried to ignore it. Although he knew about my involvement in the vampiric world, he had no idea I was taking behind-the-scenes magic lessons with our history teacher, of course. If he thought I was lying about Ms. Terwilliger’s absence today, he didn’t push the matter. He nodded toward the sub. â€Å"This is going to be a blow-off day.† I dragged my mind away from magical intrigue. After being homeschooled for most of my life, some parts of the â€Å"normal† school world were a mystery. â€Å"What’s that mean, exactly?† â€Å"Usually teachers leave subs a lesson plan, telling them what to do. I saw the one Ms. Terwilliger left. It said, ‘Distract them.'† Trey shook his head in mock sympathy. â€Å"I hope you can handle the wasted academic time. I mean, she’ll probably say something like, ‘Work on homework.’ But no one will.† He was right. I wasn’t sure if I could handle this. â€Å"Why wouldn’t they?† This seemed to amuse him immensely. â€Å"Melbourne, sometimes you’re the only reason I come to class. I saw her sub plan for your independent study, by the way. It said you didn’t even have to stick around. You’re free to run wild.† Eddie, sitting nearby, overheard and scoffed. â€Å"To the library?† This made both of them laugh, but my mind was already spinning with possibilities. If I really didn’t have to stay for my last class, I’d be free to leave campus early. I could go into Los Angeles to look for Veronica and – no. Adrian wasn’t back. For a moment, I toyed with the idea of investigation without his spirit magic, but Ms. Terwilliger’s warnings echoed through my mind. The hunt would have to wait. But I could still look for Marcus Finch. Santa Barbara was two hours away. That meant I had enough time to drive up there, do some investigating of Marcus, and still comfortably make it back by the school’s curfew. I hadn’t intended to go look for him until this weekend but realized now that I shouldn’t waste this opportunity. Ms. Terwilliger’s task weighed heavily on me as well, but I couldn’t do anything about it until Adrian returned tonight. Marcus Finch had been a mystery to me since the moment I’d discovered he was an ex-Alchemist. Realizing that I might actually get some answers today made my heart pound in overtime. It was one thing to suspect the Alchemists had been holding out on me. It was an entirely different matter to accept that I might be on the verge of having those suspicions confirmed. It was actually kind of terrifying. As the day progressed, I became more and more resolved to make the drive. You read "The Indigo Spell Chapter Six" in category "Essay examples" I had to face this sooner or later, and I might as well get it over with. For all I knew, Marcus had simply been sightseeing in Santa Barbara and could be gone already. I didn’t want to repeat the scrying spell if I could help it. Sure enough, when I showed up for what would normally be my independent study at the end of the day, the sub (looking extremely worn out after a day of following in Ms. Terwilliger’s footsteps) told me I was free to go. I thanked her and hurried off to my dorm room, conscious of the clock that was now ticking. I didn’t know exactly what I’d be facing in Santa Barbara, but I planned to be prepared for anything. I changed out of my Amberwood uniform, opting for jeans and a plain black blouse. Kneeling by my bed, I pulled out a large metal box from underneath it. At first glance, the box looked like a makeup kit. However, it had an intricate lock that required both a key and combination. Inside was my Alchemist chemistry set, a collection of chemicals that would probably get me kicked out of school if found since it looked like it was capable of manufacturing illegal drugs. And really, some of the compounds probably were pretty questionable. I selected some basics. One was a formula that was usually used to dissolve Strigoi bodies. I didn’t expect to encounter any Strigoi in Santa Barbara, but the compound could also be used to disintegrate metal pretty handily. I chose a couple other mixtures – like one that could create a spy-worthy smoke screen – and carefully wrapped them all up before slipping them into my messenger bag. Then I locked the box again and slid it back under the bed. After a little consideration, I took a deep breath and produced another hidden box. This was a new one in my collection. It contained various charms and potions I’d made under Ms. Terwilliger’s instruction. Staring at its contents, I felt my stomach twist. Never in my wildest dreams had I imagined I’d have such a kit. When we’d first met, I’d only created charms under duress. Now I had several that I’d willingly made, and if what she’d said about her sister was true, I’d need to start making more. With great reluctance, I picked a variety of these as well and packed them up with the Alchemist chemicals. After a moment’s consideration, I put a couple in my pocket for quick access. The drive to Santa Barbara was easy this time of day December had cooled off some of southern California’s weather, but the sun was still out, making it seem warmer than it really was. And, as I drove up the coast, the desert gave way to more temperate conditions. Rain increased in the middle and northern parts of the state this time of year, making the landscape lush and green. I really did love Palm Springs and Amberwood, but there were times I wouldn’t have minded if Jill’s assignment had taken us up here. Finding the Old Mission Santa Barbara wasn’t difficult. It was a well-known tourist attraction and pretty easy to spot once you were nearby. The sprawling church looked exactly as it had in my vision save that it was lit by mid-afternoon sunshine rather than twilight. I pulled off to the side of the road in a residential neighborhood and gazed up at the beautiful stucco and terra-cotta masterpiece. I wished I had the time to go on a tour, but, as they so often did, my personal desires had to take a backseat to a larger goal. Now came the more difficult part – having to figure out where the studio I’d seen might be. The neighborhood I parked in provided a view that was similar to the one I’d observed in the spell. The angles weren’t exact, however, and this street only contained houses. I was almost certain the studio I’d seen had been in an apartment building. Keeping the mission in view, I drove a few more streets over and found what I’d hoped for: several blocks containing apartment complexes. One looked too nice to have what I’d seen. The studio had seemed pretty bare bones and run down. The other two buildings on the street looked like more likely candidates. I drove to each one and walked around their grounds, trying to imagine what the angle might be when viewed from a higher window. I wished I’d had a chance to actually look down to the parking lot in the vision. It would have given me a better idea of the floor. After much thought, I finally deduced the studio had been on the third or fourth floor. Since one of the buildings only had two floors, that gave me a pretty positive hit on the correct place. Stepping inside the building made me glad I’d packed hand sanitizer in my bag. The halls looked like they hadn’t been swept in over a year. The walls were dirty, their paint chipped. Bits of trash sat on the floor. Cobwebs hung in some of the corners, and I prayed spiders were the only creepy-crawly inhabitants. If I saw a roach, I was probably going to bolt. The building had no front desk I could make inquiries at, so I flagged down a middle-aged woman as she was leaving. She paused, regarding me warily. â€Å"Hi,† I said, hoping I looked non-threatening. â€Å"I’m trying to find a friend of mine, but I don’t know which apartment he lives in. Maybe you know him? His name is Marcus. He has a blue tattoo on his face.† Seeing her blank look, I repeated the question in Spanish. Comprehension showed in her expression, but once she’d heard my entire question, her only response was a brief headshake. I didn’t even have time to show her Marcus’s picture. I spent the next half hour doing the same thing whenever I saw residents going in or out. I stayed outside this time, preferring a brightly lit public area to the dingy interior. Some of the people I talked to were a little sketchy, and a couple of guys looked me over in a way I definitely didn’t like. I was about to give up when a younger boy approached me. He appeared to be about ten and had been playing in the parking lot. â€Å"I know the guy you’re looking for,† he told me in English. â€Å"But his name’s not Marcus. It’s Dave.† Considering how difficult Marcus had been to find, I wasn’t entirely surprised he’d been using another name. â€Å"You’re sure?† I asked the boy. I showed him the picture. â€Å"This is the guy?† He nodded eagerly. â€Å"That’s the one. He’s real quiet. My mom says he’s probably doing bad things.† Great. Just what I needed. â€Å"Do you know where he lives?† The boy pointed upward. â€Å"At the top. 407.† I thanked him and went back inside, heading up to the fourth floor on stairs that creaked the entire way. The apartment was near the end of the hall, next to one that was blasting obnoxious music. I knocked on 407 and didn’t get a response. Not sure if the occupant had heard me, I knocked more loudly and received the same result. I eyed the doorknob, considering melting it with my Alchemist chemicals. Immediately, I dismissed the thought. Even in a disreputable building like this, a neighbor might be concerned to see me breaking into an apartment. I didn’t want to attract any attention. This situation was getting increasingly frustrating, and I couldn’t spend all day here. I ran through my choices. Everyone said I was so smart. Surely there was some solution here that would work? Waiting around in the hall wasn’t an option. There was no telling how long it could take for Marcus or â€Å"Dave† to show up. And honestly, the less time spent in the dirty hall, the better. If only there was some way to get inside that didn’t involve actually destroying – That’s when the solution came to me. I groaned. It wasn’t one I liked, but it would get the job done. I went back outside and waved hello to the boy as he practiced jumping off the steps. â€Å"Was Dave home?† he asked. â€Å"No.† The boy nodded. â€Å"He usually isn’t.† That, at least, would be helpful for this next crazy plan. I left the boy and walked around the side of the building, which was mercifully deserted. There, clinging to the outer wall, was the most rickety fire escape I’d ever seen. Considering how rigid California safety standards were, I was astonished that this hadn’t been reported. Of course, if it had, it didn’t seem likely this building’s owner would’ve been quick to act, judging from the rest of the conditions I’d seen. Double checking that no one was around, I stood in the fire escape’s shadow, hoping it more or less concealed me. From the messenger bag, I produced one of my charms: a necklace made of agate and crow feathers. I slipped it over my head and recited a Greek incantation. I felt the warmth of magic run through me but saw no ostensible changes. Theoretically, I should be invisible for those who didn’t know to look for me. Whether that had actually happened, I couldn’t say. I supposed I’d find out if someone came by and demanded to know why I was climbing into an apartment via the fire escape. Once I stepped onto it, I nearly terminated the plan. The entire fire escape squeaked and swayed. The scaffolding was so rusty, I wouldn’t have been surprised if it disintegrated beneath my feet. I stood frozen where I was, trying to work up the courage to go on. I reminded myself that this could be my one chance to find Marcus. The boy in the parking lot had confirmed he lived here. I couldn’t waste this opportunity. I gulped and kept going, gingerly moving from floor to floor. When I reached the fourth, I stared down in amazement, unable to believe the fire escape was still intact. Now I had a new problem. I’d figured out where Marcus’s studio was, and it was one window over from the fire escape’s landing. The distance wasn’t that great, but on the narrow ledge between them would feel like miles. Equally daunting was the fact that I’d have to get through the window. It was shut, which made sense if he was in hiding. I had a couple magical amulets capable of melting glass, but I didn’t trust myself to be able to use them on the narrow ledge – which meant I had to see just how good my aim had become in PE. Still conscious of the precarious fire escape, I took out a small pouch of powder from my messenger bag. Sizing up the distance, I threw the pouch hard toward the window, reciting a spell – and missed. The pouch hit the side of the building, throwing up a dusty cloud, and began eating away at the stucco. I winced as the wall dissolved. The spell eventually burned itself out but left a noticeable hole behind. It hadn’t gone all the way through, and I supposed given the state of the building, no one would probably even notice. I had one pouch left and had to make it count. The pane was fairly big, and there was no way I could miss this time. I threw hard – and made contact. The powder smashed against the window. Immediately, a reaction spread out and began melting the glass. It dripped down like ice out in the sun. Now, watching anxiously, I wanted the reaction to go on for as long as possible. I needed a big enough hole to get through. Fortunately, when it stopped, I felt confident I could make it inside – if I could get over there. I wasn’t afraid of heights, but as I crept along the ledge, I felt like I was on top of a skyscraper. My heart was in my throat, and I pondered the logistics of surviving a four-floor drop. My palms began to sweat, and I ordered them to stop. I wasn’t going to come all this way just to have my hands slip at the last minute. As it turned out, it was my foot that slipped. The world spun, and I frantically flung my arms out, just barely grabbing the inside of the window. I pulled myself toward it, and with a surge of adrenaline-fueled effort managed to hook my other leg inside. I took a deep breath and tried to quiet my pounding heart. I was secure. I was going to make it. A moment later, I was able to pull myself up and swing my other leg around the ledge, tumbling into the room. I landed on the floor, my legs weak and shaky as I worked to steady my frantic breathing. That was close. If my reflexes had been a little slower, I would’ve found out exactly what four floors could do to the human body. While I loved science, I wasn’t sure that was an experiment I needed to try. Maybe being around dhampirs so much had helped improve my physical skills. Once I’d recovered, I was able to assess my surroundings. Here I was, in the exact same studio I’d seen in my vision. Glancing behind me, I sized up the mission, verifying I had the same vantage. Yup. Exactly the same. Inside, I recognized the mattress on the floor and the same meager belongings. Across the room, the door leading out had a number of very new, very state-of-the-art locks. Dissolving the outer doorknob wouldn’t have done any good. â€Å"Now what?† I muttered. I’d made it inside. I didn’t have Marcus, but I theoretically had his apartment. I was unsure what I was looking for but might as well start somewhere. First, I examined the mattress, not that I expected much. It couldn’t hide belongings like mine could. It could, however, hide rats and God only knew what else underneath it. I gingerly lifted a corner, knowing I must be grimacing, but there was nothing underneath – alive or otherwise. My next target was a small, disorderly pile of clothes. Going through someone’s dirty laundry (because I assumed it was dirty, if it was sitting on the floor) wasn’t much better than looking at the mattress. A whiff of fabric softener told me that these clothes were, in fact, recently washed. They were ordinary guy clothes, probably a young guy’s clothes, which fit with Marcus’s profile. Jeans. T-shirts. Boxers. As I sifted through the pile, I nearly started folding them and had to remind myself that I didn’t want to leave any sign of my passing. Of course, the melted window was kind of a dead giveaway. A couple of personal items sat nearby, a toothbrush and deodorant with a scent inexplicably called as â€Å"Ocean Fiesta.† Aside from a rickety wooden chair and the ancient TV, there was only one other form of comfort and entertainment in the barren room: a battered copy of The Catcher in the Rye. â€Å"Great,† I muttered, wondering what it said about a person who owned no other personal possessions. â€Å"Marcus Finch is pretentious and self-entitled.† The studio’s bathroom was claustrophobic and barely had enough space for a single shower stall, toilet, and dripping sink. Judging from the mildew on the floor, a good deal of water sprayed out when the shower was used. A large black spider scurried down the drain, and I hastily backed out. Defeated, I went to investigate a narrow closet door. After all my work, I’d found Marcus Finch but hadn’t actually found him. My search had revealed nothing. I had limited time to wait for him, and honestly, if I were him and returned home to a melted window, I would promptly walk out the door and never return. If he ran, I’d have no choice but to keep scrying and – â€Å"Ahh!† Something jumped out at me as I opened the closet door – and it wasn’t a rat or a roach. It was a man. The closet was tiny, so it was a miracle he had even fit inside. I had no time to process the spatial logistics, however, because his fist shot out and clipped me on the side of the face. In my life, I’d been slammed up against brick walls and bitten by a Strigoi. I’d never been punched, however, and it wasn’t an experience I wanted to repeat. I stumbled backward, so surprised that I couldn’t even react right away. The guy lunged after me, grabbing my upper arms and shaking me as he leaned close. â€Å"How did you guys find me?† he exclaimed. â€Å"How many more are coming?† Pain radiated through the side of my face, but somehow, I managed to gather my senses. Last month, I’d taken a self-defense class with a slightly unstable Chihuahua breeder who looked like a pirate. Despite Malachi Wolfe’s unorthodox behavior, he’d actually taught us some legitimate skills, and they came back to me now. I kneed my attacker in the stomach. His blue eyes went wide with shock as he released me and fell to the ground. It didn’t keep him down for long, though. He scrambled back to his feet and came after me, but by then, I’d grabbed the chair and was using it to keep him at bay the way a lion tamer would. â€Å"Back off,† I said. â€Å"I just want to – â€Å" Ignoring my threats, the guy pushed forward and grabbed one of the chair’s legs, pulling it away from me. He had me backed into a corner, and despite some tricks Eddie had taught me, I wasn’t confident in my own ability to throw a punch. Nonetheless, I put up a good fight when my attacker tried to grab me again. We struggled and fell to the floor. I kicked and clawed like crazy, making things as difficult as possible. It was only when he managed to pin me with his entire body that my flailing got stifled. I had enough freedom to reach a hand into my pocket, however. â€Å"Who sent you?† he demanded. â€Å"Where are the others?† I didn’t answer. Instead, I pulled out a small vial and flipped the cap off with one hand. Immediately, noxious yellow vapor with the consistency of dry ice spilled out of it. I thrust it toward the guy’s face. He recoiled in disgust, and tears sprang into his eyes. The substance itself was relatively harmless, but its fumes acted as a kind of pepper spray. He let go of me, and with strength I didn’t even know I had, I managed to roll him over and hold him down. I drove my elbow into his wrist, and he made a small grunt of pain. With my other arm, I waved the vial with as much menace as I would a machete. This wouldn’t fool him for long, but hopefully it’d buy me some time to reassess my situation. Now that he was still, I was finally able to get a good look at him and was relieved to see I’d at least achieved my goal. He had a young, handsome face with an indigo tattoo on his cheek. It was an abstract design that looked like a latticework of crescent moons. A faint silver gleam edged some of the blue lines. â€Å"Nice to meet you, Marcus.† Then, the most astonishing thing happened. Through his watering eyes, he’d been trying to get a good look at me too. Recognition appeared on his face as he blinked me into focus. â€Å"Sydney Sage,† he gasped. â€Å"I’ve been looking for you.† I didn’t have any time to be surprised because I suddenly heard the click of a gun, and a barrel touched the back of my head. â€Å"Get off him,† a voice demanded. â€Å"And drop the smoke bomb.† How to cite The Indigo Spell Chapter Six, Essay examples

Project Management as Recognized Profession

Question: Discuss about theProject Management as Recognized Profession. Answer: Introduction Project management is the extent of endeavor that involves systematic way of planning and controlling a project from its fast to its last. Project management is highly concerned with integrating each discrete part of a whole project scattered in various areas (Walker and Garrett 2016). Project managers are extremely important for making the project efficiently will eat time and least cost. Apart from that, due to complex nature of modern business project, there become some frequent changes in the project in the middle of project process. These changes can only be implemented by the expert assistance of project management professionals. Project management professional is now desperately needed by every organization for effectively completing complex projects (McCann and Kulatunga 2015). This literature review is primary concerned with the benefits that the project manager would get, if project management becomes a recognized profession in organizations. The study been conducted throug h analysis the trends and demand of professional in various sectors. Concept of Project Management Nature of Project Management Project management can be defined as the process of applying knowledge, skills, methods, skills and process for achieving the objectives of the project (Phillips 2013). Every project is unique, temporary endeavor, which is undertaken to achieve planned objectives. It is actually defined as output, outcome and benefit for organization. A project is temporary in nature that has exact beginning and end time. Project also has specific set of scope and resources. According to Kerzner (2013), Project management is not a routine operation rather it is a specific set of activities to accomplish specific goal. Therefore, the project management teams usually do not work together within same organization. The team may work individually in different organizations or in different geographic location. On the other hand, Verzuh (2015) opined that project management is the discipline of initiating, planning, executing, monitoring, controlling and closing the work project tram to meet the specific cr iteria and specific success criteria. Project Management Role Project management role is the most exciting role within a team of project. Initiation is of project is related to authorizing the phases of the project. According to Ingason (2015), planning defines the some course of activities for that are necessary for achieving the purpose of the project. On the other hand, Walker and Garrett (2016) opined that in this modern business era, organizations are likely to make their project various different locations due to globalized nature the business. Therefore, project management is related with integrating people and resources for carrying out project management plan. In order to get best output from different projects, organizations apply project management for monitoring and controlling the progress of the project in regular basis. Monitoring and controlling of projects facilitate in identifying the variance occurred in the project processing and thereby, organizations can take correct actions immediately before the variances affect the over all output of the projects. According to Stark (2015), project management is also applied in organization leading and motivating the teams of project management. On the other hand, Williams van Rooij (2013) opined that project management is also fruitful for organizations in communicating between the stakeholders and the organization. In modern business context, frequent changing needs are arose from the part of the clients and therefore, project management would be helpful through incorporating the changing needs within the project at later stage. History of Project Management According to Hwang and Ng (2013), until the year, 1990, creative engineering, architect and master builders themselves usually managed the projects of civil engineering. On the other hand, Simpson et al. (2015) opined that in 1950, these organizations had started to adopt systematic techniques of project management for making complex engineering projects. Project management had developed from several areas of applications such as engineering, civil construction and heavy defensive activities. According to Madter et al. (2012), the forefather of project management Henry Gantt, who was the father of planning and controlling technique had used Gantt chart as a tool for project management. On the other hand, Costello et al. (2013) opined that Henri Fayol created five management functions for project management that are associated with foundation of knowledge for project management. Apart from that, Frederick Winslow Taylor's theory of scientific management suggested the work breakdown st ructure and resource allocation for project management. Project management professionals are responsible for making the whole project into various smaller sub sections through work break down structure that reduces the complexity of the project. On the other hand, the project professionals are also responsible for allocating the resources in proper manner for efficient completion of project. In 1950, in the up-to-date project management era, project management had become recognized as separate discipline with engineering model (Usman et al. 2012). Prior to 1950, organizations used to manage project only through Gantt chart and informal techniques. After 1950, organizations had started to use two project scheduling method namely "Critical Path Method" (CPM), Program Evaluation, and Review Techniques (PERT) (Rui, Ismail and Hussaini 2015). CPM assumes deterministic activity in which each activity done is known. On the other hand, PERT assumes stochastic activity times, in which every activity is unknown (Dalcher 2014). These mathematical techniques quickly spread into various private organizations for their project management. Benefit of Project Management from Organization Perspective Benefits Determination Organization Oriented Candidates According to Leong et al. (2014), if a construction company is considered, then it can be said that the main motive of the project teams is to build or construct as per clients request, which always needs project management team all throughout the year. On the other hand, McCann and Kulatunga (2015) pointed out that if a retail organization is considered, then it can be found that project management team is hired by the concerned at later point of time or at requirement basis. Therefore, it can be said that project management professionals are required at any field but it depends upon the type of organizations. Background of Organizational Candidates According to Pope-Ruark (2014), project management is mainly concerned with construction teams or with IT/IS teams, where candidates are mostly from engineering background. The organizations sometimes hire the teams in temporary basis and therefore, there is no permanent designation for the professionals. On the other hand, Lima et al. (2014) pointed out that disintegrated project management professionals who work as a team for an organization comes from different designations such as operation manager, software engineer, information technology professional and from other related backgrounds. Therefore, it can be said that the project management team is generally formed by such candidates who work by making project management as an occupation but not as a profession. Comparison of Benefits and Detriments According to Sage (2016), while considering organizations perspective, it can be said that project management plays a vital role as it helps in determining the completion of a project in least time and least cost. The whole project is divided into several parts and activities, which are accomplished by SDLC and Waterfall method. Such methods help in reducing the cost of project and risk analysis as well, which is accomplished by only project management professionals. On the other hand, Phillips (2013) pointed out that with the help of project management professionals, an organization is able to limit is resource consumption. This is because if a third party project management team is hired then the team will act on temporary basis against payment or contract and the concerned organization need not have to pay the team throughout the year irrespective of project deals, thereby reducing the capital consumption. Benefits Detriments 1. Project is controlled by project manager 2. At intermediate phase, client is able to provide feedback 3. Cohesive flow of project is entertained 4. Services are delivered efficiently and effectively 5. Project management team gets its experience improved 6. Assessment of risk is evaluated by the team at post-phases 1. Overhead cost many not be bearable by the concerned organization. In an average of $70,000 per year is paid to project managers 2. Cost of communication may not be bearable by the concerned organization 3. Constraints in communication will lead to time overhead, and eventually increasing the cost of project 4. Obsession in project management from project managers will lead to project delay Table 1: Benefits and Detriments of Project Management for organization (Source: Kerzner 2013) Benefits of Project Management Becoming a Profession Project Management Benefits for Candidates Verzuh (2015) opined that architects and engineers form the largest part of project management for any organization. However, such candidates basically work under the common designations such as engineer or architects irrespective of the type of organization. On the other hand, Sage (2016) pointed out that what so ever be the designation, the candidates inculcate extensive knowledge of project management while working in such organizations. For example, a software engineer while working with software developer team, it indicates project management for the client, but the candidate does not have any separate designation. Therefore, the candidate is able to gain enough knowledge of project management while working in a team of software developers. Therefore, it can be said that candidates are able to gain huge knowledge of handling projects ranging from construction to software. The candidates are able to get practical knowledge of Critical Path Method (CPM), Project Evaluation Review Technique (PERT), Network Analysis, Iterative Waterfall Method, SDLC, and Work Breakdown Structure. Project Management as Recognized Profession for Project Manager Importance of Project Management Profession According to Pmi.org 2015, while nations economy fluctuate in the forthcoming years, the economy of some country will expand and others will contract, which will eventually share a constant benefit and demand for the project managers. Pope-Ruark (2014) pointed out that starting from the year 2010 project management would result in decade long growth of trajectory. From the year 2010 onwards, project management has been considered as a profession, which has grown by over US$ 6.6 trillion. McCann and Kulatunga (2015) added that while considering the global economy, there is a demand of project managers of about 15.7 million. The roles of such project management are segregated into seven industries that are project-intensive, which has been found from PMIs 2013 Project management Talent Group (Pmi.org. 2016). According to the group, 10 countries are imposing the maximum demand of project management professionals, which is expected to increase between 2015 to 2020 by 13.8 million. It has been also found that 42 million project management professionals will be required by the year 2020. Critical Demand Analysis of Project Management Profession (PMP) According to Walker and Garrett (2016), while considering Australia, it can be said that it has been hit by largest economic downturn, where most of the industries have stopped but the mining industry of Australia is imposing the largest demand of project managers, who are by profession. On the other hand, Rui, Ismail and Hussaini (2015) pointed out that in Brazil the demand of Project Managers who are by profession is increasing in areas such as IT, financial services and telecommunication sector, which has led to decrease in 5% unemployment rate. Verzuh (2015) added that China is the top country that demands for Project Management Professionals (PMPs), which incurs for 8.1 million practitioners in the manufacturing department. This has increase the best job openings globally, where candidates get the opportunity to explore their career. Simpson et al. (2015) placed the view on India, which demands for 4 million project managers in the field of IT, healthcare, construction and oil a nd gas. It is also expected that the demand will increase to 60% by the year 2020. Worth of Project Management Profession According to Hwang and Ng (2013), project management professionals are undoubtedly the implementers of conceptual theories in practical world. Engineers and architects from all dimensions have worked in different field and therefore, have resulted in gaining knowledge of handling complex projects. On the other hand, Rui, Ismail and Hussaini (2015) pointed out that PMPs can be afforded by only top organizations, which have the capability to expend capital all throughout the financial year. While presenting the critical discussion in the earlier parts, it has been found that the global trend regarding IT, manufacturing and telecommunication is increasing rapidly, where there is a demand of almost 14 million project management professionals. Therefore, it can be said that if the project managers try to focus on being project management professionals, then surely they will be able to develop their career. It will be quite worthwhile for the project managers if they tend to establish their career as Project Management Professionals. Moreover, it has been also depicted that project management profession is gaining recognition and will continue to rise in the next five years, which indicates that it will be fruitful for the candidates if project management becomes recognized profession. Gap of the Literature The researcher has faced various time and budget constraints, while conducting the research. The researcher not able to apply several models and theories regarding the research topic. Some information that was collected from online sources was not authentic. A lack of critical analysis and penetration has also been found in conduction of research while concluding results from the research. Summary While concluding the study, it can be said that projects are individual in business perspectives that requires people to come together and meet specific objectives for the overall project. Project management is concerned with managing distinct packages of a work and achieving the overall objective of a particular work. From 2010, project management has been selected as a recognized profession and recently there are 712,948 active PMP certified professionals. All types of organizations are now desperately need project management professional due to complex project orders from the clients. Apart from that, due to dynamicity of the project, it is very hard to predetermine the exact time and cost of the project. In this context, project management professionals efficiently help the organization to adjust the changing requirement of the project with least cost and least time. In the earlier age, the organizations were not so much concerned regarding the stability and same types of busines s trends, but the day are now changing with high demand of complex project from the clients. With regards to the growth of economy and changing business trends, there is high demand of modern projects that mostly requires the assistance of project management professionals for effectively execute those modern projects. It is expected that the demand of project management professional will be increased by 13.8 million from the year 2015 to 2020. Therefore, it can be said that the demand of project management professional in in every corner of every business. Hence, if the project managers try to develop their career only as project management professional of the organizations then they will surely excel in their career. On the other hand, if the organizations establish project management as a separate department of their business, it will be fruitful for both the project managers and organizations Reference List Costello, T., Langley, M.A., Botula, K., Forrester, E., Curley, M., Kenneally, J., Delaney, M. and McLaughlin, S., 2013. IT frameworks.It Professional,5(15), p.64. Dalcher, D., 2014. sustainability: A new Professional responsibility?.Advances in Project Management: Narrated Journeys in Unchartered Territory, p.135. Hwang, B.G. and Ng, W.J., 2013. Project management knowledge and skills for green construction: Overcoming challenges.International Journal of Project Management,31(2), pp.272-284. Ingason, H.T., 2015. IPMA Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct.International Journal of Project Management,7(33), p.1635. 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